Cocoa butter - tricky yet phenomenal (Choc. demystified-3)
All the rave about chocolate these days is wrapped around cocoa content. The more the better it seems. Some companies are daring customers to go as high as 90% cocoa content, the rest being sugar and small amounts of flavorings like vanilla or emulsifiers like lecithin.
Many people know cocoa powder, but they do not know much about the other part (in fact about 50%) of the cocoa bean that makes chocolate chocolate and not just a powdery substance.
The melt in your mouth heavenly treat relies on cocoa butter, the fat from the cocoa bean, to achieve its unparalleled consistency. No other fat in the world has such characteristics and scientists still cannot recreate its behavior. Nature is hard to top. Vanilla extract is not the same as the aroma from a vanilla bean, but this could be another post.
“What is it about cocoa butter then? I can see that only 10% sugar would not please me too much, but I know how much you like chocolate. And pure (unsweetened) chocolate as part of a good quality brownie… Close to heaven, I agree. But fat? Who likes fat?”
At moderate (not tropical) room temperature cocoa butter by itself is really hard. If you were to punch a block of it, your hand would really hurt. Imagine now a block of butter at room temperature and punching it. Aside from the mess you create, your hand would only hurt if you hit the table underneath the butter, correct?
“Who would do such a thing? Butter belongs on a warm croissant or fresh bread!”
This is just to explain things! That can be hard without “show and tell”.
Back to cocoa butter. Chocolate, like butter, will melt in your mouth, won’t it? So it goes from hard at room temperature to completely melted at body temperature. That is the shortest melting range for any fat available as far as I know. Oils are liquid way below room temperature and pretty much stay that way when heated. Shortening is somewhat firm at room temperature but won’t really melt in your mouth.
“That’s true, I still have a vivid memory of fat covering the roof of your mouth after we tried that cheap croissant a few years ago. Stick to the ones made with real butter, won’t you?”
Ok, it took us this long to establish the first phenomenal fact about cocoa butter:
1. Cocoa butter has a sharp melting range.
Firm enough at room temperature to be used for confections or chocolate bunnies yet it will melt in your mouth (or even hand, which could be seen as a disadvantage, but come on, when is life ever perfect?).
The second phenomenal fact about cocoa butter is that it does not spoil easily. Unlike butter or margarine it contains no water so it does not turn rancid that easily (I have been told “not ever”, but I tend to play it safe – but I cannot reveal how old my cocoa butter really is or I would lose potential taste testers and my husband would have a talk with me about fixed capital – remember the rhubarb in the freezer?). So here it goes:
2. Cocoa butter withstands rancidity.
I am sure that there have to be more good facts about cocoa butter – after all: Chocolate was considered only worthy for gods not too long ago way back when…
But – what makes cocoa butter more of a topic than butter ever will be is the fact that with its beauty comes also pain – working with it can be tricky. Cocoa butter is the “Diva” of the chocolate world. If you don’t treat her well or correctly, she will get back at you, and let me say this – this one aims pretty well!
Cocoa butter has the ability to form different kinds of crystals when it hardens again after being melted. They can be smaller or bigger and more or less stable. All out of the same batch of cocoa butter, just influenced by how it was treated. This phenomenon that translates into pain challenge for the person working with it is called:
3. Cocoa butter is high-maintenance polymorphic.
“Ok, I so need a piece of chocolate to get over this word – right now!”
Not only has cocoa butter this unique ability,
“Would it help if I said please?”
…, cocoa butter also has the tendency to form large crystals when left to its own devices. Those larger crystals “gang up” and would rise to the surface of the chocolate, resulting in fat bloom as pictured below.
Last fact for today:
4. Cocoa butter has the tendency to form large crystals and thus needs to be tempered.
More about that later on - if anyone is still reading and interested…
“Can I get my chocolate now? …. Pretty please?”
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